According tot he Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 5th Edition :
“Typically the parent-child relational problem is associated with impaired functioning in behavioral, cognitive or affective domains”
Behavioral problems
- Inadequate parental control, supervision and involvement with the child
- Parental overprotection
- Excessive parental pressure
- Arguments that escalate to threates of physical violence
- Avoidance of resolution of problems
Cognitive problems
- Negative attributions of the other’s intentions
- Hostility toward or scapegoating of the other
- Unwarranted feelings of estrangement
Affective problems
- Feelings of sadness, apathy, or anger about the other